Modalities

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEPs)

Monitors the integrity of sensory pathways from peripheral nerves through the spinal cord to the brain. Continuous feedback allows early detection of compromised blood flow or mechanical injury affecting sensory tracts.

Best suited for spine, vascular, and orthopaedic procedures.

Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs)

Assesses motor pathway function by stimulating the motor cortex and recording muscle responses. Highly sensitive for detecting injury to corticospinal tracts responsible for movement.

Best suited for spine surgery, deformity correction, and intracranial procedures.

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Monitors cortical brain activity to assess cerebral perfusion and anaesthetic depth. Provides early warning of ischemia or reduced blood flow to the brain.
Best suited for vascular, carotid, and intracranial procedures.

Electromyography (EMG)

Evaluates nerve root and cranial nerve function through real-time muscle activity. Detects irritation, traction, or injury to specific nerves during surgical manipulation. Includes free-running EMG (spontaneous activity) and triggered EMG (nerve stimulation testing). Best suited for nerve identification, pedicle screw placement, and ENT or skull base surgery.

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEPs)

Assesses auditory nerve and brainstem pathways, supporting preservation of hearing and cranial nerve function during high-risk procedures.
Best suited for posterior fossa and acoustic neuroma surgery.

Multimodal Monitoring is our standard of practice

Combining modalities provides a more comprehensive assessment of neural function and is considered best practice for reducing the risk of neurological injury.